Category: UI/ UX

A great website isn’t just about looks—it’s about performance, user experience, and measurable results. In today’s digital-first world, your website is your storefront, salesperson, and storyteller. Choosing the right web design companies is one of the most important decisions you’ll make for your brand. Whether you’re building a new website from scratch or redesigning to improve conversions, this curated list of top 10 web design agencies will help you make the right choice.

Each agency featured here has a proven track record, a strong design philosophy, and the ability to deliver tailored solutions that move brands forward.

1. Viartisan (Vietnam)

Best for: UI/UX design, custom development, branding and motion design

Viartisan is a leading creative agency headquartered in Vietnam, known for fusing design, technology, and strategy into cohesive digital experiences. What sets Viartisan apart is its unique blend of youthful energy, creative vision, and technical expertise. They serve global startups and established brands looking to elevate their presence through beautifully crafted websites, apps, and brand identities.

With over 390+ projects delivered and a team of 20+ experts, Viartisan prioritizes fast delivery, visual innovation, and scalable architecture.

• Website: viartisan.com
• Services: Web design, UI/UX, mobile development, branding, 2D/3D illustrations, interactive animation
• Industries: Technology, eCommerce, healthcare, SaaS, education
• Strengths: Agile team structure, creative-first process, cost-efficiency for global clients

If you want a partner that not only designs but strategizes for your growth, Viartisan is the web design company to trust.

2. Clay (USA)

Best for: Product UI/UX design for high-growth SaaS and tech enterprises

Based in San Francisco, Clay is a digital product design agency with a strong portfolio of work for top-tier clients including Google, Slack, and Facebook. They’re known for meticulous UX design, high-fidelity prototyping, and emotionally engaging digital products.

• Website: clay.global
• Services: UX research, web design, enterprise UI, product strategy, brand identity
• Highlight: Their design sprints and user testing cycles produce high-performing interfaces that convert

3. Beyond (USA, UK)

Best for: Strategic, enterprise-level digital transformation

Beyond is a global design and technology agency helping enterprise brands innovate at scale. With offices in London, New York, and San Francisco, Beyond blends strategy, design, and engineering to help businesses build purposeful experiences.

• Website: bynd.com
• Services: UX strategy, digital design, engineering, analytics
• Clients: Google, Facebook, Mailchimp, Snap
• Why choose them: Ideal for companies seeking large-scale innovation and deep digital product expertise

4. BKWLD (USA)

Best for: Brands looking for bold, immersive, cinematic websites

Pronounced “backwild,” BKWLD is an experience design agency that blends storytelling with digital to deliver visually powerful, emotionally resonant websites.

• Website: bkwld.com
• Services: Creative direction, web development, digital content, art direction
• Notable Work: They’ve worked with the likes of Netflix, Sonos, and Adobe
• Unique touch: They push visual boundaries while maintaining performance and UX integrity

5. Lounge Lizard (USA)

Best for: Full-service web design and digital marketing under one roof

Lounge Lizard is known for its data-driven web design combined with branding and digital marketing. They specialize in creating websites that not only look great but are built to convert leads and improve customer engagement.

• Website: loungelizard.com
• Services: Web design, SEO, branding, digital marketing, social media
• USP: Ideal for businesses looking for a unified agency that can handle everything from website to traffic growth

6. Ueno (Global)

Best for: Visually rich websites with a modern design language

Now acquired by Twitter, Ueno was a boutique creative agency recognized for crafting clean, user-centric websites and branding projects. Despite its acquisition, their legacy remains influential.

• Website: ueno.co
• Clients: Airbnb, Google, Dropbox, Uber
• Core style: Clean layouts, strategic storytelling, and interactive flair

7. Ramotion (USA)

Best for: SaaS companies and digital-first brands

Ramotion provides branding, web, and product design for startups and tech companies. They specialize in scalable UI/UX systems and digital brands that evolve with the business.

• Website: ramotion.com
• Strength: Design systems for scaling products (perfect for seed-to-series B startups)
• Bonus: They also offer design system audits and visual identity refreshes

8. Isadora Agency (USA)

Best for: Complex enterprise UX/UI and digital platforms

Isadora is a digital transformation agency that specializes in reshaping enterprise workflows through custom websites and platform design.

• Website: isadoradigitalagency.com
• Approach: Collaborative, research-driven, highly visual
• Who it’s for: Mid-size to large companies with internal tools, dashboards, or web apps

9. Huemor (USA)

Best for: Conversion-focused sites for mid-market businesses

Huemor helps brands create memorable web experiences that drive results. They’re known for combining storytelling, strategy, and creativity with CRO best practices.

• Website: huemor.rocks
• Key strengths: Site performance optimization, storytelling, brand personality
• Popular platforms: WordPress, Shopify, HubSpot

10. Hello Monday (Denmark)

Best for: Emotionally engaging, award-winning websites

Hello Monday is a creative studio with a global reputation for pushing digital boundaries. Their work is often interactive, playful, and inspiring—making them a go-to for brands looking to connect on a deeper level.

• Website: hellomonday.com
• Creative signature: Highly animated, story-driven, playful websites
• Awards: Webby, Awwwards, FWA, and more

How to Choose the Right Web Design Company for Your Needs

When selecting a web design company, consider more than their portfolio. Ask:

• Do they understand your business goals?
• Can they deliver strategy as well as visuals?
• Do they offer development, not just design?
• Is their process collaborative and transparent?

Your website is your most powerful branding and conversion tool. Choosing the right agency means partnering with a team that listens, thinks strategically, and delivers on time.

👉 If you’re looking for a creative and strategic partner with a global mindset and local dedication, Viartisan is here to build experiences that perform beautifully—visually and functionally.

Introduction

In the ever-evolving landscape of User Experience (UX) design, achieving true success requires more than just intuitive design and adherence to best practices. While these are undoubtedly important, they must be complemented by a rigorous approach to measurement. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) serve as the cornerstone of this approach, providing the quantifiable data necessary to evaluate design effectiveness, track progress, and drive continuous improvement. This comprehensive guide delves into the crucial role of KPIs in UX design, offering a detailed exploration of their definition, significance, selection, and application.

Understanding UX KPIs: Quantifying the intangible

At their core, KPIs are, as the Interaction Design Foundation article defines, “measurements of performance.” They are specific, measurable values that act as indicators of progress towards achieving particular objectives. In the context of UX, KPIs take on the crucial task of translating often-subjective aspects of the user experience – such as ease of use, satisfaction, or efficiency – into objective, quantifiable data. This translation allows designers to move beyond relying on gut feelings or anecdotal evidence and instead ground their decisions in concrete data.

The indispensable role of KPIs in UX design

The strategic implementation of KPIs in UX design yields a multitude of benefits, transforming the design process from an art form to a data-informed discipline:

• Objective Evaluation: Moving Beyond Subjectivity
  • KPIs provide a framework for evaluating design effectiveness in a clear and objective manner.
  • Instead of relying on subjective opinions or personal preferences, designers can leverage data to support their assessments and justify their design choices.
  • This objectivity is crucial for fostering constructive discussions among stakeholders and ensuring that design decisions are aligned with user needs and business goals.
• Data-Driven Decision-Making: Guiding Design Iterations
  • KPIs empower designers to make informed decisions based on concrete evidence.
  • By tracking KPIs, designers can identify what aspects of the design are performing well and which areas require improvement.
  • This data-driven approach facilitates iterative design, allowing designers to continuously refine and optimize the user experience based on user behavior and feedback.
• Tracking Progress Over Time: Demonstrating UX Value
  • KPIs enable designers to monitor the impact of design changes and track progress towards achieving specific UX goals.
  • This longitudinal perspective is essential for demonstrating the value of UX to stakeholders and justifying investments in UX research and design.
  • By showcasing how UX improvements positively influence key metrics, designers can build credibility and secure buy-in for future UX initiatives.
• Identifying Areas for Improvement: Focusing Design Efforts
  • KPIs serve as diagnostic tools, helping designers pinpoint specific areas within the user experience that are underperforming or causing user frustration.
  • This granular level of insight allows designers to prioritize their efforts and focus on the most impactful improvements, maximizing the efficiency of the design process.
• Alignment with Business Objectives: Connecting UX to ROI
  • UX KPIs can be strategically aligned with broader business objectives, such as increasing conversion rates, improving customer retention, or reducing support costs.
  • This alignment demonstrates the direct contribution of UX design to the overall success of the business, strengthening the case for UX investment and recognition.

Strategic considerations for KPI selection

Choosing the right KPIs is a critical step in the UX measurement process. The selected KPIs will directly influence the insights gained and the actions taken. The following considerations are essential:

• Relevance: Tailoring KPIs to Specific Goals
  • KPIs must be directly relevant to the specific UX goals of the project and the overarching objectives of the product or service.
  • For example, if the primary goal is to increase user engagement, relevant KPIs might include time spent on the site, number of interactions, or feature adoption rate.
  • Carefully consider the specific context and tailor the KPIs accordingly.
• Measurability: Ensuring Quantifiable Data
  • KPIs must be quantifiable, meaning they can be expressed as numerical values.
  • This ensures that data can be tracked objectively and that performance can be compared over time.
  • Avoid vague or subjective metrics that cannot be reliably measured.
• Actionability: Driving Meaningful Change
  • KPIs should provide insights that lead to actionable improvements in the design.
  • The data should highlight specific areas where changes are needed and suggest potential solutions.
  • Avoid KPIs that are merely descriptive but do not offer guidance for action.
• Clarity: Fostering Shared Understanding
  • KPIs must be clearly defined and easily understood by all stakeholders involved in the project, including designers, developers, product managers, and business leaders.
  • This shared understanding is crucial for effective communication and collaboration.
• Balance: Capturing a Holistic View
  • Employ a balanced set of KPIs to capture different aspects of the user experience.
  • Avoid relying on a single metric, as this can provide a narrow and potentially misleading view of performance.
  • Consider both behavioral metrics (what users do) and attitudinal metrics (what users say or feel).

Illustrative examples of UX KPIs

The specific KPIs used will vary depending on the product, industry, and project goals. However, here are some commonly used examples of UX KPIs:

• Task Success Rate:
  • The percentage of users who successfully complete a predefined task within the interface.
  • This metric directly measures the effectiveness of the design in enabling users to achieve their objectives.
  • Example: Percentage of users who successfully complete a purchase on an e-commerce website.

• Time on Task:
  • The average amount of time users take to complete a specific task.
  • This metric measures the efficiency of the design and identifies potential areas of friction or complexity.
  • Example: Average time it takes users to fill out a registration form.

• Error Rate:
  • The number of errors users make while attempting to complete a task.
  • This metric highlights usability issues and areas where users are likely to encounter difficulties.
  • Example: Number of incorrect password entries during a login attempt.

• User Satisfaction (CSAT):
  • A measure of users’ subjective satisfaction with a product or service.
  • Often collected through surveys or questionnaires using rating scales.
  • Example: Average rating on a scale of 1 to 5 for overall product satisfaction.
• Net Promoter Score (NPS):
  • A measure of customer loyalty and the likelihood of users recommending the product to others.
  • Based on a survey question asking users how likely they are to recommend the product on a scale of 0 to 10.
  • Users are categorized as Promoters, Passives, or Detractors.
• Conversion Rate:
  • The percentage of users who complete a desired action, such as making a purchase, signing up for a newsletter, 1 or downloading a file.  
  • This metric directly reflects the effectiveness of the design in driving business goals.
  • Example: Percentage of website visitors who complete a purchase.
• Retention Rate:
  • The percentage of users who continue to use the product or service over a specific period.
  • This metric indicates the product’s ability to retain users and build long-term engagement.
  • Example: Percentage of app users who remain active after 30 days.
• Abandonment Rate:
  • The percentage of users who abandon a process before completion, such as leaving a shopping cart or abandoning a form.
  • This metric highlights potential usability issues or points of friction that are causing users to drop off.
  • Example: Percentage of users who abandon their shopping cart before completing the checkout process.

Tools and techniques for effective UX measurement

To accurately track and measure UX KPIs, designers can leverage a variety of tools and techniques:

• Analytics Tools:
  • Tools like Google Analytics, Adobe Analytics, and Mixpanel provide valuable data on user behavior, such as page views, bounce rate, session duration, and user flow.
  • These tools offer quantitative insights into how users are interacting with the product and can help identify areas for improvement.
• Usability Testing:
  • Conducting usability tests with representative users allows for direct observation and measurement of user behavior.
  • Usability testing can be used to measure task success rate, time on task, error rate, and other behavioral metrics.
• Surveys and Questionnaires:
  • Tools like SurveyMonkey, Google Forms, and Qualtrics enable designers to gather user feedback on satisfaction, usability, and other attitudinal metrics.
  • Surveys can be used to collect both quantitative (e.g., rating scales) and qualitative (e.g., open-ended responses) data.
• Heatmaps and Session Recordings:
  • Tools like Hotjar, Crazy Egg, and FullStory provide visual representations of user interactions and recordings of user sessions.
  • Heatmaps show where users click, scroll, and hover, while session recordings allow designers to observe individual user behavior and identify pain points.
• A/B Testing:
  • This technique involves comparing two or more variations of a design element or page to determine which performs best in terms of a specific KPI.
  • A/B testing allows designers to make data-driven decisions about design changes and optimize the user experience.

Conclusion: Embracing data-driven UX for user-centric success

In conclusion, KPIs are indispensable tools for UX professionals who strive to create user-centered and effective digital experiences. By carefully selecting, rigorously tracking, and thoughtfully analyzing KPIs, designers can gain a deeper and more nuanced understanding of their users, empower data-driven design decisions, and effectively demonstrate the tangible value of UX design to their organizations. Embracing a data-driven approach is no longer a luxury but an essential prerequisite for creating successful and sustainable digital products and services that truly resonate with users and achieve business objectives.

Visit Viartisan to read the latest and most in-depth articles on UI, UX, Branding, Develop, and Illustration!

This article has been edited from Interation Design with the title “Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)”.

Introduction

Your brain is constantly scanning everything it sees, searching for visual cues that tell it where to focus. In UI design, this means your users are doing the same — scanning screens, looking for what’s important. By applying visual hierarchy and alignment correctly, you can help users navigate your interface more easily, quickly understand what’s important, and enjoy a more seamless user experience.

In this article, we’ll break down how to use visual hierarchy and alignment to improve your UI design, with practical examples and actionable tips.

Master Visual Hierarchy for Clear and Effective UI

What is visual hierarchy?

Visual hierarchy is the arrangement of UI elements in a way that reflects their importance. It’s how you guide your users’ eyes from the most important parts of your interface to the least important. Elements like size, color, spacing, contrast, and placement all contribute to what users notice first — and what they may ignore.

Why it matters

Without a clear hierarchy, users get lost. If everything looks the same, nothing stands out. They may feel overwhelmed, unsure where to click, and end up abandoning the experience altogether.

Pro tip: Design with intention. If you want a user to read or interact with something, make sure it visually stands out.

Real-world example

Think about websites that use large, bold headlines to grab attention, followed by subheadings and body text. That’s visual hierarchy at work. The user knows where to start and what to read next — all without having to think too hard.

Use Alignment to Support Scannability and Flow

Why alignment is essential

Alignment is one of the clearest signs that a UI has been professionally designed. Even if users don’t consciously notice good alignment, they can feel the difference. Proper alignment makes interfaces feel tidy, trustworthy, and easier to navigate.

Align text with text

Avoid aligning content based on icons, images, or decorative elements. Instead, align your text elements with each other. This helps users scan your content quickly and makes everything feel more cohesive.

Example:

In a testimonial section, align the actual quotes and names—not the quotation marks or avatars. This creates clean lines that are easier to follow visually.

Horizontal alignment

When content blocks are horizontally aligned (especially across the top), it helps users scan across sections naturally. Try to align based on x-height (the height of lowercase letters), not just the top of the tallest character. This creates a more visually consistent experience.

Also, when placing content side by side, ensure they fall along the same eye-line. Misalignment can break the user’s flow and increase cognitive load.

Tip: Don’t squish elements together to shorten the page. White space is your friend — it separates content and improves comprehension.

Combine Visual Hierarchy and Alignment for Better UI

Visual hierarchy and alignment are most powerful when used together. Making key elements stand out and aligning everything clearly allows users to scan your interface effortlessly and take action faster.

Practical comparison

Imagine two versions of the same webpage:

• One with inconsistent alignment, equal emphasis on every element, and no visual anchors
• One with clear headings, aligned content blocks, and strong visual flow

Which one would you rather use? The second, obviously. It’s easier to scan, easier to read, and ultimately, more effective.

Conclusion

Understanding and applying visual hierarchy and alignment is foundational to good UI design. These principles make your interface easier to scan, more enjoyable to use, and more effective at guiding user actions.

Take time to regularly review your designs. Ask yourself:

• Where does your eye go first?
• Are important elements standing out?
• Is everything aligned in a way that supports easy reading?

Better yet, ask someone else to review your interface and tell you what they notice first — and what confuses them. These small insights can lead to big improvements.

Visit Viartisan to read the latest and most in-depth articles on UI, UX, Branding, Develop, and Illustration!

This article has been edited from Balsamiq Logo with the title “How to use visual hierarchy and alignment to improve UI design”.

Reflections from the 9th Annual State of UX Report by the UX Collective

In its ninth edition, the State of UX 2024 report by the UX Collective delivers a sharp and honest snapshot of where the design industry stands today. Drawing from over 1,000 curated articles and insights from a global community of over 500,000 readers, the report captures the patterns, tensions, and shifts that shaped UX throughout 2023.

This year’s theme? Late-stage UX — a term inspired by late-stage capitalism — describing an industry at a crossroads: oversaturated, increasingly driven by business metrics, and shaped by rapid automation.

What Defines Late-Stage UX?

The report outlines five key characteristics shaping the current UX climate:

1. Automation
   The rise of AI is transforming the design workflow. While it opens new creative doors, it’s also automating tasks once core to the designer’s role — particularly in entry- to mid-level positions.
2. Saturation
   There are now more designers than available roles, especially as companies scale back hiring and redefine design team structures post-pandemic.
3. Commoditization
   Design has become more about consistency and scalability than innovation or delight. Frameworks and design systems are prioritized over differentiated experiences.
4. Financialization
   Design decisions are now deeply entangled with business KPIs, shareholder value, and ROI metrics. Human-centered approaches are increasingly tempered by financial constraints.
5. Disintegration
   User trust is declining. Misinformation, dark patterns, and data exploitation have made many people skeptical, disengaged, or vulnerable in digital spaces.

The Design Community’s Response

Despite these challenges, the UX community continues to rise to the moment. The 2024 report doesn’t just critique—it celebrates the people and ideas pushing the industry forward with courage, creativity, and nuance. A few highlights:

• Writers and Thinkers
  Contributors like Daley Wilhelm, Slava Polonski, Rosie Hoggmascall, and Pavel Samsonov offered fresh, critical perspectives throughout the year—redefining what it means to practice thoughtful, ethical design.
• Data Storytelling
  Platforms like Pudding.cool stood out for their brilliant use of data visualization to unpack cultural and technological trends.
• Maggie Appleton’s Visual Essays
  A fusion of anthropology, programming, and design, her work challenges how we think about generative AI and technology’s role in our lives.
• Vivianne Castillo’s Advocacy
  A constant voice reminding us that our worth is not measured by output alone: “Breathe in: I am more than what I produce. Breathe out: My rest requires no apology.”
• Rest of World’s Editorial Excellence
  By spotlighting underrepresented markets and voices, they remind us that good design must be globally inclusive.
• Brad Frost’s Reflection on Atomic Design
  A bold invitation to re-examine the purpose behind our design systems: “Are we capturing human potential or just redrawing rectangles?”
• Conversations at Config and SmashingConf
  From Halli Thorleifsson’s vulnerable storytelling to the welcoming spirit of Vitaly Friedman’s events, the conferences proved that the design community still thrives on human connection and shared growth.
• Brazil’s Vibrant UX Scene
  Content creators across Brazil — Rafael Frota, Kakau Fonseca, Karina Tronkos and many more — continue to enrich the global conversation with original work in Portuguese, despite market pressures.

Looking Ahead

As we move deeper into 2024, the design industry faces tough questions — about its values, its direction, and its responsibility to users. The State of UX 2024 doesn’t offer simple answers, but it does offer something just as valuable: clarity, honesty, and a sense of community.

Want to deepen your knowledge of UI, UX, Branding, Develop, and Illustration? Read more helpful articles at Viartisan.

At its core, this report is a tribute to the resilience of designers worldwide—those who keep questioning, adapting, and creating with intention.
Written by: Fabricio Teixeira & Caio Braga
Illustrated by: Fabio Benê
Edited by: Emily Curtin
Narrated by: Laura Vandiver
Published by: The UX Collective (ISSN: 2766–5267)

Explore the full report here: The State of UX in 2024

It seems web users might be more easily influenced than we think. A fascinating study by Professor Thorsten Joachims and his team at Cornell University shed light on how people interact with search engine results pages (SERPs). Their research revealed a significant tendency for users to click on the very first listing far more often than its actual relevance would suggest – highlighting the powerful influence of default options.

Initial findings, consistent with previous studies, showed that a whopping 42% of users clicked the top search result, while only 8% opted for the second one. This isn’t entirely surprising, as we know top positions generally attract the most attention.

However, the truly insightful part of the study involved a clever manipulation. The researchers secretly used a script to swap the order of the top two search results before they were displayed to users. So, the listing that was originally second now appeared first, and the original top result was moved to the second position.

Even with this swap, the results were striking. Users still clicked the new top entry 34% of the time, while the new second entry received 12% of the clicks.

The Magnetic Effect of the Top Spot

This experiment helps us understand why the top result gets so much attention. There are two main possibilities:

1. Search engines are incredibly accurate at determining relevance and almost always place the best result first.
2. Users click the top result simply because it’s at the top. This could be due to laziness (we naturally start from the top) or because users assume the search engine has correctly identified the best option.

The study’s findings indicate that the truth lies in a combination of both factors.

If users were always clicking the best link, then swapping the top two should have also swapped the click percentages. But this didn’t happen; the top spot still commanded the most clicks.

Conversely, if users blindly trusted the search engine and clicked the first link solely because it was first, then swapping the order shouldn’t have changed the percentages at all. This also wasn’t the case. The click-through rate of the top link decreased from 42% to 34%. This means that 8% of users shifted their clicks: 4% clicked the second result (which was originally first), and another 4% explored other options further down the page.

To further understand the accuracy of the search engine’s rankings, the researchers had human evaluators judge the relevance of the websites. Since there’s no definitive way to objectively determine the “best” website for a given query, they averaged the ratings of five individuals – likely the most reliable method for assessing information relevance.

The evaluation revealed that the original top result was judged the most relevant only 36% of the time, while the second result was deemed most relevant 24% of the time. Interestingly, the two top results were considered equally relevant 40% of the time. This shows that while the search engine was often correct, it was wrong about one-fourth of the time. (When the top two are equally relevant, the placement doesn’t really matter, so these instances were counted as “correct.”)

Considering how often the search engine’s top pick wasn’t actually the most relevant, users clicked it far too often. And when the top two were switched, too few users adjusted their behavior. The clear conclusion is that there’s a significant bias towards clicking the top link, although the quality of the link does still play a role.

For search engine marketers, the implications are clear: achieving that top spot is incredibly valuable. However, it’s equally crucial to have compelling “microcontent” – like effective page titles and summaries – that increases the likelihood of users perceiving your site as relevant. Unfortunately, controlling these snippets can be challenging on major search engines like Google, which often displays unhelpful and unclear descriptions. You have more control over this for internal search engines on your own website or intranet, assuming you can encourage content creators to write good summaries.

Defaults Extend Beyond Search

The power of defaults isn’t limited to search results. Users frequently rely on pre-selected options in various aspects of user interface design. For instance, they rarely delve into complex customization features, making it essential to optimize the default user experience, as this is what most people will stick with.

In forms and applications, pre-filling fields with the most common value can significantly improve usability. For example, on a conference registration form, if someone registers for the New York event, the country field could default to “United States.” If they register for the London event, it could default to “United Kingdom.” While users from other countries will need to change this, they would have had to specify their country anyway if the field was left blank. By using the most frequent value as the default, we save many users a small amount of effort.

Defaults offer two key usability benefits:

• By presenting a representative value, they act as just-in-time instructions, helping users understand how to complete a field.
• By showing a frequent value, they provide insight into the commonly expected response, as opposed to less typical ones. This knowledge can even be used for sales purposes – for example, by pre-selecting a one-year subscription option over a monthly one. However, consistently defaulting to the most expensive option can erode trust, so it’s important not to overdo it.

By guiding and informing users, well-chosen default values help reduce errors. Therefore, it’s crucial to select defaults that are genuinely helpful, rather than simply choosing the first item alphabetically or whatever happened to be at the top of an initial list.

Reference:

Thorsten Joachims, Laura Granka, Bing Pan, Helene Hembrooke, and Geri Gay, “Accurately Interpreting Clickthrough Data as Implicit Feedback,” Proceedings of the Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), 2005. (Note: The link leads to a PDF file, which is an academic paper.)

This article has been edited from Nielsen Norman Group with the title The Power of Defaults by author Jakob Nielsen.